While heatstroke is a well-known risk for owners of active dogs, hypothermia remains largely underestimated. Yet prolonged exposure to cold and dampness can be just as dangerous, particularly for certain types of dogs.
The dogs most exposed to cold
- Dogs with short or fine coats (Whippet, Doberman, Boxer...), naturally less protected against cold
- Puppies and senior dogs, less efficient at regulating their body temperature
- Wet dogs, after swimming or intense exertion in cold weather — water greatly accelerates heat loss
- Small dogs, with an unfavorable body surface-to-volume ratio against cold
Recognizing signs of hypothermia
- Marked shivering, in the early stage
- Lethargy, stiff gait, slowed reactions
- Pale or bluish gums
- In advanced cases: rigidity, confusion, loss of consciousness — an absolute veterinary emergency
The first steps to take
- Immediately remove the dog from the cold or damp environment
- Dry it thoroughly if it is wet
- Warm it up gradually (blanket, body contact) — never a direct, abrupt heat source (radiator, very hot water), which can trigger thermal shock
- Contact a vet without delay if symptoms don't improve quickly, or in case of advanced signs
Prevention in sport and winter transport
- A coat or suitable suit for short-haired breeds during outings in severe cold
- Limit the duration of intense outdoor sessions in very cold weather, particularly for puppies and seniors
- Systematically dry the dog after activity in water or snow
- Particular attention during transport: an unheated vehicle or a poorly insulated crate can expose the dog to cold during long winter journeys — a point not to be overlooked, in addition to the ventilation already covered for extreme heat (see our article on heatstroke in dogs)
As with heatstroke, vigilance and quick response remain the best tools against hypothermia: a dog showing unusual signs after cold exposure should never be left "to be observed" for too long before a veterinary consultation.